Bundala National Park: A Wildlife Sanctuary in Sri Lanka
Introduction
Nestled in the southeastern region of Sri Lanka, Bundala National Park is a haven for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts. This UNESCO-designated Biosphere Reserve is renowned for its diverse ecosystems, abundant birdlife, and thriving populations of mammals and reptiles. Spanning 6,216 hectares, Bundala is a blend of coastal lagoons, mangroves, sand dunes, and dry scrub forests, making it one of the most important wetland habitats in the country.
Location and Accessibility
Bundala National Park is located 245 km southeast of Colombo, near the town of Hambantota. It serves as an important stopover for migratory birds traveling along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. The park is easily accessible via the Southern Expressway (E01), with travel time from Colombo being approximately 4–5 hours.
Visitors can enter the park through the Bundala entrance, which is located near Weligatta. The park is best explored via a guided jeep safari, which allows tourists to experience its diverse landscapes and wildlife safely.
Biodiversity and Wildlife
Birdwatching Paradise
Bundala is best known for its birdlife, with over 200 recorded species. The park is particularly famous for hosting the greater flamingo, which arrives in large flocks during the migratory season. Other notable birds include:
- Eurasian spoonbill
- Black-headed ibis
- Painted stork
- Pied kingfisher
- Sri Lankan junglefowl (Sri Lanka’s national bird)
Mammals of Bundala
Although Bundala is not as famous as Yala or Udawalawe for large mammals, it still supports a variety of species, including:
- Asian elephants (small populations roam the park)
- Sri Lankan leopard (rarely spotted)
- Spotted deer
- Wild boar
- Hanuman langur and toque macaque
Reptiles and Amphibians
Bundala’s wetland ecosystem is home to a rich variety of reptiles. The park contains all five species of sea turtles found in Sri Lanka, which use its beaches as nesting grounds. Other common reptiles include:
- Saltwater crocodiles
- Mugger crocodiles
- Monitor lizards
- Indian cobra
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Bundala National Park is during the dry season from November to March, when migratory birds arrive, and wildlife sightings are at their peak. However, the park remains open year-round, and each season offers a unique experience.
Safari Experience
- Duration: 2–3 hours
- Best Time for Safari: Early morning (6:00 AM) or late afternoon (3:00 PM)
- Mode of Transport: 4x4 Jeep Safari with a licensed guide
- Entry Fee: Varies depending on nationality and group size
Conservation and Protection
As a Ramsar Wetland Site and UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Bundala is protected under Sri Lankan law. Conservation efforts focus on preserving its wetlands, controlling poaching, and promoting eco-tourism. Visitors are encouraged to follow park guidelines, including avoiding plastic waste and maintaining a respectful distance from wildlife.
Conclusion
Bundala National Park is a hidden gem in Sri Lanka’s wildlife scene, offering a tranquil escape into nature. With its rich biodiversity, stunning landscapes, and fantastic birdwatching opportunities, it is a must-visit for travelers exploring the island’s southern region. Whether you're a birder, photographer, or wildlife enthusiast, Bundala promises an unforgettable experience in the heart of Sri Lanka’s natural beauty.